PortugueseChemical conditions below the arable layer
An adequate soil management requires a previous and careful evaluation of the pedological chemical conditions of sub-superficial horizons (B horizon or C horizon in case B horizon is not present), in order to identify chemical components that might favor or limit root growth below the superficial A horizon, mainly calcium and toxic aluminum.
If you need to know whether your soil is eutrophic, mesotrophic , dystrophic, mesoalic , alic or aluminic soil, or else, acric soil, fill in the values for base saturation (V %), sum of bases (SB), aluminum saturation (m %), exchangeable aluminum concentration (Al3+), and cation retention (CR) in B horizon (or C horizon when B horizon is absent). Cation retention also depends on clay % of the respective subsuperficial horizon. In practice, you will need to inform the clay % only when the SB+Al3+ values are within the range of 0.75 to 0.95 for the subsuperficial horizon, because in this situation it might be an acric soil. When the SB+Al3+ values are lower than 0.75 and the soil is a clayey or very clayey Oxisol, it is certainly an acric soil. But, SB+Al3+ values higher than 0.95 are not characteristic of acric soils. Therefore, you may notice there are six possibilities for the pedological chemical classification, that is, there are six different chemical environments below the arable layer that are directly linked to plant productivity.
Important observation: fill in the blanks; blank fields will automatically be input zero (0.0), influencing the soil classification.
If you need to know more about this subject, read the paper “Soils and yield environments for the field producer”.
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